IRR, TVPI, and quartile benchmarks across private markets strategies and vintage years
Published by GP Stakes, the private markets intelligence platform
Performance benchmarking is fundamental to evaluating private markets investments. Without public market pricing, investors rely on reported IRR and multiple data to assess manager skill, strategy attractiveness, and vintage year dynamics. This report aggregates performance data from 13,220 fund commitments sourced from US public pension fund disclosures, providing median and quartile benchmarks across major strategies.
The data encompasses buyout, venture capital, growth equity, private credit, real estate, infrastructure, secondaries, and several niche strategies. By grouping related strategy labels into coherent categories, we provide a clearer view of relative performance across the private markets spectrum.
For GP stakes investors, these benchmarks provide essential context for evaluating target managers. A manager consistently delivering top-quartile returns commands higher valuation multiples and enjoys stronger fundraising momentum. Conversely, managers with below-median performance face headwinds that may create opportunities for GP stakes buyers willing to provide strategic capital alongside operational support.
Median and quartile IRR/TVPI by strategy group. Q1 = top quartile threshold, Q3 = bottom quartile threshold.
| Strategy | Funds | Median IRR | Q1 IRR | Q3 IRR | Median TVPI | Q1 TVPI | Q3 TVPI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure | 195 | 15.3% | 17.2% | 10.4% | 1.22x | 1.61x | 1.13x |
| PE Buyout | 2,832 | 12.2% | 17.6% | 6.9% | 1.50x | 1.85x | 1.20x |
| Co-Investment | 879 | 12.0% | 17.9% | 7.8% | 1.50x | 1.85x | 1.30x |
| Distressed | 62 | 9.8% | 15.6% | 7.5% | 1.50x | 1.70x | 1.30x |
| Real Estate | 288 | 9.5% | 13.1% | 4.3% | 1.35x | 1.56x | 1.12x |
| Private Credit | 183 | 8.6% | 12.1% | 6.7% | 1.22x | 1.41x | 1.17x |
| Venture Capital | 410 | 6.2% | 13.8% | 0.0% | 1.40x | 2.13x | 1.00x |
| ILS | 24 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Growth Equity | 386 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| GP Stakes | 118 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Real Assets | 112 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Fund of Funds | 30 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Secondaries | 59 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CLO | 346 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Performance by vintage year (2005 onward, minimum 10 funds per vintage).
| Vintage | Funds | Median IRR | Top Quartile IRR | Median TVPI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 33 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.00x |
| 2023 | 40 | 8.3% | 13.2% | 1.10x |
| 2022 | 97 | 10.8% | 15.9% | 1.11x |
| 2021 | 176 | 8.9% | 15.3% | 1.20x |
| 2020 | 125 | 13.3% | 16.4% | 1.34x |
| 2019 | 140 | 13.6% | 19.3% | 1.47x |
| 2018 | 102 | 14.8% | 18.2% | 1.50x |
| 2017 | 92 | 17.1% | 20.5% | 1.86x |
| 2016 | 84 | 14.1% | 18.3% | 1.80x |
| 2015 | 101 | 15.0% | 19.0% | 1.70x |
| 2014 | 76 | 11.5% | 16.7% | 1.59x |
| 2013 | 71 | 11.8% | 17.2% | 1.50x |
| 2012 | 74 | 13.6% | 17.4% | 1.80x |
| 2011 | 79 | 12.4% | 18.1% | 1.70x |
| 2010 | 35 | 9.2% | 16.1% | 1.39x |
| 2009 | 33 | 9.1% | 11.6% | 1.46x |
| 2008 | 99 | 11.6% | 16.5% | 1.60x |
| 2007 | 118 | 8.3% | 13.5% | 1.43x |
| 2006 | 101 | 7.5% | 10.3% | 1.45x |
| 2005 | 62 | 6.4% | 10.5% | 1.42x |
| Manager | Funds | Avg IRR | Avg TVPI | Strategies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Union Square | 6 | 43.9% | 9.38x | N/A |
| Endeavour | 13 | 41.8% | 2.28x | PE - Buyout Small |
| Tenex | 3 | 41.1% | N/A | N/A |
| ICG | 4 | 36.8% | 1.29x | Private Equity |
| HgCapital | 3 | 30.9% | 2.64x | buyout, private_credit, Private Equity |
| Doughty Hanson & Co | 4 | 30.3% | 1.98x | PE - Buyout Large |
| Menlo | 11 | 26.4% | 2.50x | Venture Capital |
| USV | 3 | 26.1% | 3.56x | N/A |
| Platinum | 8 | 25.2% | 1.82x | Private Equity |
| A&M | 3 | 25.1% | 1.94x | N/A |
| Lindsay Goldberg | 5 | 24.9% | 1.50x | Private Equity |
| Olympic Venture | 3 | 24.8% | 1.70x | N/A |
| Permira Europe | 3 | 24.8% | N/A | N/A |
| OrbiMed | 7 | 24.5% | 2.25x | N/A |
| GTCR | 14 | 24.3% | 1.94x | PE - Buyout Mid, PE - Co-Investment, PE - Mezzanine, private_credit, Private Equity |
| Insight Venture | 7 | 23.9% | 3.35x | PE - Distressed, Private Equity |
| Lexington | 6 | 23.6% | 1.53x | Private Equity |
| HGGC | 3 | 22.7% | 2.11x | Private Equity |
| TA | 7 | 21.1% | 2.30x | PE - Buyout Large, PE - Distressed |
| ASF | 13 | 20.8% | 1.57x | private_credit, Private Equity |
| KKR Americas | 4 | 20.5% | 2.14x | buyout, PE - Buyout Large, Private Equity |
| Veritas | 4 | 20.3% | 2.34x | N/A |
| Warburg Pincus Financial Sector | 5 | 19.9% | 1.74x | PE - Buyout Small, Private Equity |
| Peak Rock | 5 | 19.3% | N/A | N/A |
| Vivo | 3 | 19.2% | N/A | N/A |
Fund performance data is sourced from US public pension fund portfolio disclosures, including CalPERS, CalSTRS, and other state pension systems that publish fund-level return information. Net IRR and TVPI/DPI figures reflect the values reported by each pension fund as of their most recent disclosure date. Strategy classifications use the categories assigned by the pension fund, grouped into broader categories for this analysis. Performance figures are net of management fees and carried interest.
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Last updated: 3 February 2026