Performance

Fund Performance Benchmarks by Strategy

IRR, TVPI, and quartile benchmarks across private markets strategies and vintage years

Published by GP Stakes, the private markets intelligence platform

13,220
Fund Commitments
2,094
With IRR Data
2,798
Distinct Managers
144
Strategies Tracked

Performance benchmarking is fundamental to evaluating private markets investments. Without public market pricing, investors rely on reported IRR and multiple data to assess manager skill, strategy attractiveness, and vintage year dynamics. This report aggregates performance data from 13,220 fund commitments sourced from US public pension fund disclosures, providing median and quartile benchmarks across major strategies.

The data encompasses buyout, venture capital, growth equity, private credit, real estate, infrastructure, secondaries, and several niche strategies. By grouping related strategy labels into coherent categories, we provide a clearer view of relative performance across the private markets spectrum.

For GP stakes investors, these benchmarks provide essential context for evaluating target managers. A manager consistently delivering top-quartile returns commands higher valuation multiples and enjoys stronger fundraising momentum. Conversely, managers with below-median performance face headwinds that may create opportunities for GP stakes buyers willing to provide strategic capital alongside operational support.

Strategy Benchmarks

Median and quartile IRR/TVPI by strategy group. Q1 = top quartile threshold, Q3 = bottom quartile threshold.

StrategyFundsMedian IRRQ1 IRRQ3 IRRMedian TVPIQ1 TVPIQ3 TVPI
Infrastructure19515.3%17.2%10.4%1.22x1.61x1.13x
PE Buyout2,83212.2%17.6%6.9%1.50x1.85x1.20x
Co-Investment87912.0%17.9%7.8%1.50x1.85x1.30x
Distressed629.8%15.6%7.5%1.50x1.70x1.30x
Real Estate2889.5%13.1%4.3%1.35x1.56x1.12x
Private Credit1838.6%12.1%6.7%1.22x1.41x1.17x
Venture Capital4106.2%13.8%0.0%1.40x2.13x1.00x
ILS24N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Growth Equity386N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
GP Stakes118N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Real Assets112N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Fund of Funds30N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
Secondaries59N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CLO346N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A

Vintage Year Benchmarks

Performance by vintage year (2005 onward, minimum 10 funds per vintage).

VintageFundsMedian IRRTop Quartile IRRMedian TVPI
2024330.0%0.0%1.00x
2023408.3%13.2%1.10x
20229710.8%15.9%1.11x
20211768.9%15.3%1.20x
202012513.3%16.4%1.34x
201914013.6%19.3%1.47x
201810214.8%18.2%1.50x
20179217.1%20.5%1.86x
20168414.1%18.3%1.80x
201510115.0%19.0%1.70x
20147611.5%16.7%1.59x
20137111.8%17.2%1.50x
20127413.6%17.4%1.80x
20117912.4%18.1%1.70x
2010359.2%16.1%1.39x
2009339.1%11.6%1.46x
20089911.6%16.5%1.60x
20071188.3%13.5%1.43x
20061017.5%10.3%1.45x
2005626.4%10.5%1.42x

Top Managers by Average IRR (3+ funds)

ManagerFundsAvg IRRAvg TVPIStrategies
Union Square643.9%9.38xN/A
Endeavour1341.8%2.28xPE - Buyout Small
Tenex341.1%N/AN/A
ICG436.8%1.29xPrivate Equity
HgCapital330.9%2.64xbuyout, private_credit, Private Equity
Doughty Hanson & Co430.3%1.98xPE - Buyout Large
Menlo1126.4%2.50xVenture Capital
USV326.1%3.56xN/A
Platinum825.2%1.82xPrivate Equity
A&M325.1%1.94xN/A
Lindsay Goldberg524.9%1.50xPrivate Equity
Olympic Venture324.8%1.70xN/A
Permira Europe324.8%N/AN/A
OrbiMed724.5%2.25xN/A
GTCR1424.3%1.94xPE - Buyout Mid, PE - Co-Investment, PE - Mezzanine, private_credit, Private Equity
Insight Venture723.9%3.35xPE - Distressed, Private Equity
Lexington623.6%1.53xPrivate Equity
HGGC322.7%2.11xPrivate Equity
TA721.1%2.30xPE - Buyout Large, PE - Distressed
ASF1320.8%1.57xprivate_credit, Private Equity
KKR Americas420.5%2.14xbuyout, PE - Buyout Large, Private Equity
Veritas420.3%2.34xN/A
Warburg Pincus Financial Sector519.9%1.74xPE - Buyout Small, Private Equity
Peak Rock519.3%N/AN/A
Vivo319.2%N/AN/A

Methodology

Fund performance data is sourced from US public pension fund portfolio disclosures, including CalPERS, CalSTRS, and other state pension systems that publish fund-level return information. Net IRR and TVPI/DPI figures reflect the values reported by each pension fund as of their most recent disclosure date. Strategy classifications use the categories assigned by the pension fund, grouped into broader categories for this analysis. Performance figures are net of management fees and carried interest.

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Last updated: 3 February 2026